Days to Expiry — Options Portfolio Tracker logo
Days to Expiry
Options Portfolio Clarity

21-Day Rule research

One simulated recipe — 35 DTE / 2% OTM puts and calls, manage at 21 DTE — run two ways across a curated ticker universe.

This hub publishes the persisted results of paired wheel backtests: a standard arm that holds short options to expiry, and a managed arm that buys back at 21 DTE. Everything shown is a historical simulation of one fixed recipe — never collected income and never a prediction.

Wheel strategy backtest comparing the 21-Day Rule managed arm against holding to expiry

Tap to view full size

Latest published run

Refreshed 2026-09-09 · period 2024-09-09 to 2026-09-09 · 25 published tickers (1 more ran but did not meet publication thresholds). The rule improved total return on 1 and reduced it on 24 — both are listed below.

SPY+2.2 ppDIA-4.0 ppMSFT-5.2 ppTLT-5.4 ppIWM-7.4 ppQQQ-8.7 ppKO-9.5 ppXLF-12.1 ppAMZN-18.4 ppORCL-19.6 ppGOOGL-19.7 ppCOST-20.4 ppSMH-23.5 ppJPM-23.6 ppBAC-24.2 ppAMD-25.8 ppAAPL-26.3 ppGLD-27.0 ppXOM-37.2 ppNVDA-50.0 ppSLV-50.6 ppGDX-63.2 ppTSLA-64.2 ppMETA-65.9 ppAVGO-79.5 pp
Total-return delta (21-Day Rule minus standard arm), percentage points. Green: rule ahead. Red: rule behind.
Max drawdown (% of starting capital)Annualized return (%)SPY standard: 6.5% annualized, 15.1% max drawdownSPY 21-Day Rule: 7.5% annualized, 6.0% max drawdownDIA standard: 6.0% annualized, 15.6% max drawdownDIA 21-Day Rule: 4.1% annualized, 6.0% max drawdownMSFT standard: 9.3% annualized, 30.1% max drawdownMSFT 21-Day Rule: 6.8% annualized, 10.0% max drawdownTLT standard: 1.0% annualized, 9.3% max drawdownTLT 21-Day Rule: -1.7% annualized, 6.9% max drawdownIWM standard: 11.6% annualized, 20.0% max drawdownIWM 21-Day Rule: 8.2% annualized, 12.3% max drawdownQQQ standard: 13.5% annualized, 18.0% max drawdownQQQ 21-Day Rule: 9.5% annualized, 7.9% max drawdownKO standard: 9.8% annualized, 11.0% max drawdownKO 21-Day Rule: 5.4% annualized, 6.0% max drawdownXLF standard: 10.9% annualized, 18.0% max drawdownXLF 21-Day Rule: 5.3% annualized, 6.3% max drawdownAMZN standard: 15.3% annualized, 29.5% max drawdownAMZN 21-Day Rule: 7.1% annualized, 16.5% max drawdownORCL standard: -7.1% annualized, 151.6% max drawdownORCL 21-Day Rule: -18.3% annualized, 70.6% max drawdownGOOGL standard: 28.9% annualized, 35.8% max drawdownGOOGL 21-Day Rule: 21.1% annualized, 14.9% max drawdownCOST standard: 12.1% annualized, 23.6% max drawdownCOST 21-Day Rule: 2.6% annualized, 12.8% max drawdownSMH standard: 35.1% annualized, 81.8% max drawdownSMH 21-Day Rule: 26.1% annualized, 32.7% max drawdownJPM standard: 21.8% annualized, 32.6% max drawdownJPM 21-Day Rule: 11.7% annualized, 13.1% max drawdownBAC standard: 14.5% annualized, 28.9% max drawdownBAC 21-Day Rule: 3.4% annualized, 19.9% max drawdownAMD standard: 49.6% annualized, 60.5% max drawdownAMD 21-Day Rule: 40.7% annualized, 28.3% max drawdownAAPL standard: 16.6% annualized, 30.5% max drawdownAAPL 21-Day Rule: 4.7% annualized, 15.7% max drawdownGLD standard: 17.5% annualized, 22.2% max drawdownGLD 21-Day Rule: 5.3% annualized, 26.1% max drawdownXOM standard: 19.2% annualized, 19.6% max drawdownXOM 21-Day Rule: 2.4% annualized, 13.8% max drawdownNVDA standard: 44.3% annualized, 43.1% max drawdownNVDA 21-Day Rule: 25.7% annualized, 19.7% max drawdownSLV standard: 31.7% annualized, 97.5% max drawdownSLV 21-Day Rule: 10.9% annualized, 76.7% max drawdownGDX standard: 34.2% annualized, 83.0% max drawdownGDX 21-Day Rule: 8.1% annualized, 62.6% max drawdownTSLA standard: 39.8% annualized, 78.6% max drawdownTSLA 21-Day Rule: 14.5% annualized, 42.7% max drawdownMETA standard: 21.8% annualized, 41.9% max drawdownMETA 21-Day Rule: -9.2% annualized, 38.2% max drawdownAVGO standard: 61.1% annualized, 80.1% max drawdownAVGO 21-Day Rule: 34.1% annualized, 24.3% max drawdown
Gray dot: standard arm. Green/red dot: 21-Day Rule arm (green when the rule's total return is ahead, red when behind). Dashed line links the two arms of one ticker.
TickerStandard total return21-Day total returnRule deltaDrawdown deltaAssignment delta
SPY13.5%15.6%+2.2 pp-9.1 pp-12.5 pp
DIA12.4%8.4%-4.0 pp-9.6 pp-21.4 pp
MSFT19.4%14.2%-5.2 pp-20.0 pp-30.0 pp
TLT2.1%-3.3%-5.4 pp-2.5 pp-42.9 pp
IWM24.5%17.1%-7.4 pp-7.7 pp-28.6 pp
QQQ28.7%20.0%-8.7 pp-10.2 pp-12.5 pp
KO20.7%11.2%-9.5 pp-4.9 pp-36.4 pp
XLF23.0%10.9%-12.1 pp-11.7 pp-44.4 pp
AMZN33.1%14.6%-18.4 pp-13.0 pp-33.3 pp
ORCL-13.7%-33.2%-19.6 pp-81.0 pp-62.5 pp
GOOGL66.2%46.6%-19.7 pp-20.9 pp-20.0 pp
COST25.7%5.3%-20.4 pp-10.8 pp-55.6 pp
SMH82.6%59.1%-23.5 pp-49.1 pp-28.6 pp
JPM48.3%24.7%-23.6 pp-19.6 pp-21.4 pp
BAC31.2%7.0%-24.2 pp-9.0 pp-23.1 pp
AMD123.8%98.0%-25.8 pp-32.2 pp-50.0 pp
AAPL35.9%9.6%-26.3 pp-14.7 pp-33.3 pp
GLD38.0%10.9%-27.0 pp+4.0 pp-28.6 pp
XOM42.1%4.9%-37.2 pp-5.9 pp-44.4 pp
NVDA108.1%58.1%-50.0 pp-23.4 pp-25.0 pp
SLV73.5%23.0%-50.6 pp-20.8 pp-27.3 pp
GDX80.1%16.9%-63.2 pp-20.4 pp-25.0 pp
TSLA95.3%31.1%-64.2 pp-35.9 pp-21.4 pp
META48.4%-17.5%-65.9 pp-3.7 pp-54.5 pp
AVGO159.4%79.9%-79.5 pp-55.8 pp-30.8 pp
Problem

Most “rule works” claims show you only the winners

Cherry-picked tickers where a management rule happened to help

Simulated premium described as if it were cash collected

Stale results left up after the data behind them went bad

Research pages that secretly call a live data provider per visit

Solution

Paired runs, published rows only, winners and losers together

Two arms, identical inputs

Standard hold-to-expiry and the 21-Day Rule run on the same ticker, dates, DTE/OTM inputs, and market-data policy. The delta is the only difference.

Ranked by the delta, both directions

Tickers are sorted by how much the rule changed total return — the ones where it hurt are listed right next to the ones where it helped.

Fails closed

A missing, failed, or stale refresh removes results from this page. It never fills gaps with invented numbers.

Your parameters stay in the gated tool

These pages read stored rows only. Change ticker, DTE, or dates in the interactive wheel backtest.

How it works

Get started in 3 simple steps

1

A scheduled job runs the pairs

A weekly precompute runs both arms through the backtest engine and stores only allowlisted summary metrics — never per-trade tapes or price series.

2

Validation decides what publishes

A ticker publishes only with at least 4 cycles, 180 days of history, and passing data quality. Failed or stale refreshes unpublish rather than linger.

3

You read, then go deeper

Open a ticker for the full arm-by-arm breakdown, then run your own recipe in the gated backtest.

Limitations

  • Historical simulation only — not a prediction
  • Model fills may use mid / bar / BSM when market quotes missing
  • Ignores commissions and slippage
  • Simplified assignment at expiration
  • Past performance does not guarantee future results

Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you need to know about getting started

What is the 21-Day Rule?

A management rule for short options: instead of holding to expiry, the position is bought back at 21 days to expiry. This research compares that managed arm against the standard hold-to-expiry arm on identical inputs.

Does the 21-Day Rule always improve results?

No. This page shows every published ticker, ranked by the rule delta — including the tickers where the rule reduced returns or increased drawdown. Any page claiming a universal improvement is not supported by this data.

Is this collected income or a prediction?

Neither. Every number is a historical simulation of one fixed recipe. It is not premium anyone collected, not a live trade tape, and not a forecast of future results.

Why is a ticker missing?

A ticker appears only when both arms clear the publication thresholds (at least 4 cycles, 180 days of history, data quality >= 0.4) and the latest refresh succeeded and is fresh. Missing, failed, or stale data removes the row rather than showing invented KPIs.

Can I test my own parameters?

Yes. The interactive wheel backtest lets you change ticker, dates, DTE, and OTM after starting a trial. These public pages never run the engine on request.

Ready to Get Started?

Join traders who are already using our tools to make better decisions.